The disease management articles preceding this one in the series describe what to do after a pathogen has established itself in the production population. This article addresses what to do…
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The catfish farmer who walks through the grow-out facility and sees fish that are feeding, swimming, and appearing externally normal concludes that the operation is healthy. A parasitologist examining gill…
Disease is the third highest cost in commercial catfish production after feed and labor — and unlike feed and labor, disease costs are highly variable and potentially catastrophic. A well-managed…
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the most financially consequential single metric in commercial catfish farming. At XAF 600 per kilogram of feed and a target of 50 tonnes of fish…
Recent reports from the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) highlight ongoing challenges for the global poultry sector as Newcastle disease re-emerges across distinct regions. Regulatory authorities and farm operators…
Walk into any catfish feed supplier’s premises in Lagos, Kano, Douala, or Accra, and you will find both floating (extruded) pellets and sinking (compressed or cold-pressed) pellets on the shelves.…
Feed is the largest cost line in commercial catfish production — consistently representing 60–70% of total operating costs in well-managed grow-out operations. The return on this cost investment is measured…
A catfish hatchery is only as good as its broodstock. This is not a vague statement about genetics — it is a specific, quantifiable relationship between the condition and quality…
The commercial catfish hatchery’s fundamental production event is induced spawning — the hormonal stimulation of broodstock fish to complete the final maturation and release of eggs and sperm that natural…
Larval rearing is the most technically demanding phase of commercial catfish production. The biological vulnerabilities of newly hatched catfish larvae — microscopic size, incomplete organ development, limited energy reserves, strong…